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	व्याख्यात्मक अनुसंधान	कारण-तुलनात्मक अनुसंधान
क्षेत्र	अनुसंधान अभिकल्प	अनुसंधान अभिकल्प
परिवार	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
उद्भव वर्ष	1960s–1980s (codified in behavioral and social science methodology)	1964
प्रवर्तक	Formalized by Earl Babbie and Fred Kerlinger among others	Fred N. Kerlinger
प्रकार	Non-experimental quantitative research design	Non-experimental quantitative research design
मौलिक स्रोत	Kerlinger, F. N. (1986). Foundations of Behavioral Research (3rd ed.). Holt, Rinehart and Winston. ISBN: 978-0030417559	Kerlinger, F. N. (1964). Foundations of Behavioral Research. Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
उपनाम	analytical research, causal research, explanatory study, explanatory quantitative research	ex post facto research, causal-comparative design, retrospective causal study, CCR
संबंधित	5	3
सारांश	Explanatory research is a non-experimental quantitative research design that goes beyond describing a phenomenon to identifying why it occurs — examining the relationships or mechanisms that account for observed patterns. Rooted in positivist social science methodology, it uses theory-driven hypotheses and statistical analysis to test whether specific variables explain variation in an outcome, without necessarily manipulating those variables.	Causal-comparative research is a non-experimental quantitative design in which the researcher compares two or more groups that already differ on an independent variable — one that was not manipulated — to investigate possible causes or consequences of that difference. Because group membership is pre-existing rather than randomly assigned, the design can suggest causal relationships but cannot establish them with the certainty of a true experiment. It is widely used in education, psychology, and social sciences when experimental manipulation is impractical or unethical.