विधियों की तुलना करें

	क्रॉस-सेक्शनल एआरडीएल	Panel DF-GLS	पैनल KSS
क्षेत्र	अर्थमिति	अर्थमिति	अर्थमिति
परिवार	Regression model	Regression model	Regression model
उद्भव वर्ष	2006	1996	1992
प्रवर्तक	Pesaran and colleagues	Elliott, Rothenberg, and Stock (adapted to panels)	Kwiatkowski, Phillips, Schmidt, and Shin (panel version by Hadri)
प्रकार	Dynamic panel model	Stationarity test	Unit-root test
मौलिक स्रोत	Pesaran, M. H., & Smith, R. (2016). Testing weak cross-sectional dependence in large panels. Econometric Reviews, 34(6-10), 1089-1117.	Elliott, G., Rothenberg, T. J., & Stock, J. H. (1996). Efficient tests for an autoregressive unit root. Econometric Reviews, 13(4), 469-497.	Kwiatkowski, D., Phillips, P. C., Schmidt, P., & Shin, Y. (1992). Testing the null hypothesis of stationarity against the alternative of a unit root. Journal of Econometrics, 54(1-3), 159-178.
उपनाम	Panel ARDL with cross-sectional dependence	Panel unit-root test	Panel stationarity test
संबंधित	3	3	3
सारांश	CS-ARDL (Cross-Sectional ARDL) applies the ARDL framework to panel data while explicitly accounting for cross-sectional dependence—correlation of shocks and relationships across units (countries, firms, regions). Introduced by Pesaran and colleagues (2016), it extends panel ARDL methods to handle common factors or global shocks affecting all units simultaneously. This is crucial for realistic modeling of internationally integrated economies and firm networks.	Panel DF-GLS extends the Elliott, Rothenberg, and Stock (1996) GLS unit-root test to panel data, combining cross-sectional and time-series information to test whether variables contain unit roots. Introduced by Hadri and colleagues (2005), it is more powerful than standard panel unit-root tests (IPS, LLC) due to its GLS detrending approach. This test is essential for establishing stationarity before fitting cointegration or dynamic panel models.	The Panel KSS test reverses the null hypothesis of unit-root tests: it tests whether variables are stationary (stationarity is the null) versus nonstationary (unit root is the alternative). Introduced by Kwiatkowski et al. (1992) and extended to panels by Hadri (2000), this complementary approach provides robustness when combined with unit-root tests like Panel DF-GLS. Using both tests together reduces the risk of erroneous conclusions about variable persistence.