विधियों की तुलना करें

	Computerized adaptive test measurement invariance	विभेदक आइटम कार्यप्रणाली (DIF)
क्षेत्र	मनोमिति	मनोमिति
परिवार	Latent structure	Latent structure
उद्भव वर्ष	1990s–2000s	1970s–1993
प्रवर्तक	Building on Meredith (1993) for invariance and Lord (1980) for adaptive testing	William H. Angoff and colleagues (ETS); systematized by Holland & Wainer
प्रकार	Measurement equivalence testing in adaptive testing contexts	Item-level bias detection
मौलिक स्रोत	Millsap, R. E. (2011). Statistical Approaches to Measurement Invariance. Routledge. ISBN: 978-0805864946	Holland, P. W. & Wainer, H. (Eds.) (1993). Differential Item Functioning. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. ISBN: 978-0805809589
उपनाम	CAT measurement invariance, adaptive test invariance, CAT MI, measurement equivalence in CAT	DIF, item bias analysis, measurement non-equivalence, item-level measurement bias
संबंधित	6	5
सारांश	Computerized adaptive test measurement invariance evaluates whether a CAT instrument measures the same latent construct with the same psychometric properties across different groups (e.g., gender, language, clinical vs. community) or time points. It combines IRT-based adaptive test frameworks with measurement equivalence testing to ensure fair and comparable score interpretation.	Differential item functioning identifies test or survey items that behave differently for examinees from different groups — such as gender, ethnicity, or language background — after controlling for the underlying ability or trait being measured. DIF analysis is essential for fairness evaluation in educational testing and psychological scale development.