विधियों की तुलना करें

	क्रॉस-सेक्शनली ऑगमेंटेड डिकी-फुलर (CADF) टेस्ट	CIPS परीक्षण
क्षेत्र	अर्थमिति	अर्थमिति
परिवार	Hypothesis test	Hypothesis test
उद्भव वर्ष	2007	2007
प्रवर्तक	M. Hashem Pesaran	M. Hashem Pesaran
प्रकार	Panel unit-root test with cross-sectional augmentation	Panel unit-root test with cross-section dependence
मौलिक स्रोत	Pesaran, M. H. (2007). A simple panel unit root test in the presence of cross-section dependence. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 22(2), 265–312.	Pesaran, M. H. (2007). A simple panel unit root test in the presence of cross-section dependence. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 22(2), 265–312.
उपनाम	Cross-Sectionally Augmented ADF, Panel CADF Test, Pesaran Panel Unit Root Test, CADF Birim Kök Testi	Pesaran CIPS Test, Cross-Sectionally Augmented IPS, Second-Generation Panel Unit-Root Test, CIPS Birim Kök Testi
संबंधित	3	3
सारांश	The Cross-sectionally Augmented Dickey-Fuller (CADF) test, introduced by Pesaran (2007), is a second-generation panel unit-root test designed to handle cross-sectional dependence among panel units. Unlike first-generation panel unit-root tests that assume cross-sectional independence, the CADF test augments individual ADF regressions with cross-sectional averages of lagged levels and first differences, making it suitable for macro-panels and cross-country studies where common factors drive co-movement.	The CIPS test, introduced by Pesaran (2007), is a second-generation panel unit-root test designed for panels in which the cross-sectional units share unobserved common factors that induce cross-section dependence. By augmenting each individual ADF regression with cross-sectional averages and their lags, the CIPS test accounts for this dependence and produces reliable inference where first-generation tests such as the original IPS test break down. It is widely applied in macroeconomic and finance panels where shocks propagate across countries or regions.