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	ऑटोरेग्रेसिव इंटीग्रेटेड मूविंग एवरेज (ARIMA) मॉडल	मजबूत सामान्यीकृत न्यूनतम वर्ग (मजबूत GLS)
क्षेत्र	अर्थमिति	अर्थमिति
परिवार	Regression model	Regression model
उद्भव वर्ष	1970	1936 / 1980
प्रवर्तक	George Box and Gwilym Jenkins	Aitken (GLS theory, 1936); White (robust covariance, 1980)
प्रकार	Time series forecasting model	Robust linear regression
मौलिक स्रोत	Box, G. E. P., & Jenkins, G. M. (1970). Time Series Analysis: Forecasting and Control. Holden-Day.	Greene, W. H. (2012). Econometric Analysis (7th ed.). Pearson. Chapter 9: The Generalized Regression Model and Heteroscedasticity. ISBN: 978-0131395381
उपनाम	ARIMA, Box-Jenkins model, integrated ARMA, ARIMA(p,d,q)	robust generalized least squares, GLS with robust standard errors, heteroscedasticity-consistent GLS, HC-GLS
संबंधित	6	5
सारांश	The ARIMA(p,d,q) model is the standard workhorse for univariate time series forecasting. It combines autoregressive terms (past values), differencing to induce stationarity, and moving average terms (past shocks) into a unified linear framework. Developed by Box and Jenkins (1970), it remains one of the most widely applied models in econometrics and applied statistics.	Robust GLS extends classical Generalized Least Squares by pairing GLS coefficient estimation with heteroscedasticity- and autocorrelation-consistent (HAC) standard errors, or by using M-estimation within the GLS framework. It corrects for non-spherical errors — heteroscedasticity, autocorrelation, or both — while also guarding inference against misspecification of the error covariance structure.