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	अवशोषक क्षमता मापक	रणनीतिक अभिविन्यास पैमाना (Strategic Orientation Scale)
क्षेत्र	रणनीतिक प्रबंधन	रणनीतिक प्रबंधन
परिवार	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
उद्भव वर्ष	2002	1978
प्रवर्तक	Shaker Zahra and Gerard George	Miles and Snow; extended by Miller and Friesen
प्रकार	Organizational self-report questionnaire	Organizational self-report questionnaire
मौलिक स्रोत	Zahra, S. A., & George, G. (2002). Absorptive capacity: A review, reconceptualization, and extension. Academy of Management Review, 27(2), 185–203.	Miles, R. E., & Snow, C. C. (1978). Organizational strategy, structure, and process. McGraw-Hill.
उपनाम	ACAP, Zahra-George Scale	Strategic Posture Scale, Miller-Friesen Framework
संबंधित	5	5
सारांश	Absorptive Capacity (ACAP) refers to an organization's ability to acquire, assimilate, transform, and exploit external knowledge to enhance innovation and performance. Zahra and George (2002) reconceptualized absorptive capacity into four distinct but interrelated processes in their foundational Academy of Management Review article. This measurement scale captures organizational learning dynamics and knowledge-based competitive advantage, making it essential for assessing innovation capability and knowledge management effectiveness.	Strategic Orientation refers to the fundamental approach an organization adopts when competing in its market, encompassing its competitive strategy, market focus, and organizational design. Miles and Snow's (1978) foundational framework identifies four strategic postures: Defenders (focus on stable market segments, operational efficiency, and incremental innovation), Prospectors (pursue new market opportunities, drive innovation, accept higher risk), Analyzers (balance efficiency and innovation, serve established markets while exploring adjacent opportunities), and Reactors (lack clear strategy, respond reactively to environmental pressures). This scale operationalizes Miles and Snow's framework, revealing an organization's strategic type and fit with its environment and structure.