השוואת שיטות

	מחקר דיוק אבחנתי רטרוספקטיבי	תכנון מחקר דיאגנוסטי
תחום	אפידמיולוגיה	מחקר קליני
משפחה	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
שנת המקור	Formalized 2000s; STARD 2003, revised 2015	2003-2015
הוגה השיטה	Formalized through the STARD initiative led by Patrick Bossuyt and colleagues	Bossuyt, Reitsma, and STARD group (2003); clinical epidemiology pioneers
סוג	Observational, retrospective study design	Research Design
מקור מכונן	Bossuyt, P. M., Reitsma, J. B., Bruns, D. E., et al. (2015). STARD 2015: An Updated List of Essential Items for Reporting Diagnostic Accuracy Studies. BMJ, 351, h5527.	Bossuyt, P. M., Reitsma, J. B., Bruns, D. E., Gatsonis, C. A., Glasziou, P. P., Irwig, L. M., ... & de Vet, H. C. (2003). Towards complete and accurate reporting of studies of diagnostic accuracy: the STARD initiative. Annals of Internal Medicine, 138(1), 40–44.
כינויים	retrospective DAS, retrospective test accuracy study, retrospective index test evaluation, historical diagnostic accuracy study	diagnostic accuracy study, test accuracy, STARD, diagnostic evaluation
קשורות	5	2
תקציר	A retrospective diagnostic accuracy study evaluates how well a diagnostic test (the index test) correctly identifies a target condition by applying it to previously collected data or archived specimens alongside a reference standard. Because both index test results and reference standard results are drawn from existing records or stored material rather than generated prospectively, this design is faster and less costly than a prospective counterpart — but carries specific methodological risks that must be controlled to produce valid estimates of sensitivity, specificity, and related measures.	A diagnostic accuracy study evaluates how well a new diagnostic test (or biomarker, imaging modality, clinical assessment) detects the presence or absence of disease compared to a reference standard (gold standard). Standardized since 2003 by the STARD (Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies) initiative, diagnostic accuracy studies are fundamental to clinical medicine, determining whether and how new tests can improve patient diagnosis and treatment.