השוואת שיטות

	רגרסיה עמומה של אי-רציפות להערכת מדיניות	שיטת המשתנים המתערבים (IV) להסקה סיבתית
תחום	הסקה סיבתית	כלכלת בריאות
משפחה	Regression model	Process / pipeline
שנת המקור	2001	1990s (modern applications)
הוגה השיטה	Hahn, Todd & Van der Klaauw	Angrist & Pischke (applied econometrics); rooted in econometric theory
סוג	Quasi-experimental / local IV estimator	Method
מקור מכונן	Hahn, J., Todd, P., & Van der Klaauw, W. (2001). Identification and estimation of treatment effects with a regression-discontinuity design. Review of Economic Studies, 68(1), 201-209.	Angrist, J. D., & Pischke, J. S. (2009). Mostly Harmless Econometrics: An Empiricist's Companion. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
כינויים	Fuzzy RDD, Fuzzy RD, Fuzzy Regression Discontinuity, Imperfect Compliance RDD	IV, two-stage least squares, TSLS, causal estimation
קשורות	5	3
תקציר	Fuzzy Regression Discontinuity Design (Fuzzy RDD) estimates the causal effect of a policy when eligibility is determined by crossing a threshold on a continuous score, but actual take-up or compliance is imperfect. Developed formally by Hahn, Todd, and Van der Klaauw (2001), it uses the threshold as an instrumental variable to recover a Local Average Treatment Effect (LATE) among compliers near the cutoff.	Instrumental variables (IV) is an econometric method to estimate causal effects when treatment or exposure is not randomly assigned and confounding is severe or unmeasured. IV relies on a third variable (instrument) that influences treatment but does not directly affect the outcome, allowing researchers to isolate the causal effect from the noise of confounding. Developed extensively in econometrics (Angrist & Pischke, 1990s–2000s), IV methods are increasingly used in health economics and health services research to leverage natural experiments and policy changes.