השוואת שיטות

	שיטת הריבועים הפחותים המוכללת (GLS)	ניתוח מטא-אנליזה רשתי
תחום	סטטיסטיקה	סינתזת ראיות
משפחה	Regression model	Process / pipeline
שנת המקור	1935	2002
הוגה השיטה	Alexander Craig Aitken	Lumley (2002)
סוג	Linear estimator	Method
מקור מכונן	Aitken, A. C. (1935). IV.—On least squares and linear combination of observations. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 55, 42–48.	Lumley, T. (2002). Network meta-analysis for indirect treatment comparisons. Statistics in Medicine, 21(16), 2313–2324.
כינויים	GLS, Aitken estimator, EGLS, feasible GLS	Mixed Treatment Comparison, MTC, Indirect Comparison Meta-Analysis
קשורות	3	1
תקציר	Generalized Least Squares (GLS) is a linear regression estimator that extends ordinary least squares to handle situations where the error terms are correlated or have non-constant variance (heteroscedasticity). Introduced by Alexander Craig Aitken in 1935, GLS achieves the Best Linear Unbiased Estimator (BLUE) under a general error covariance structure by weighting observations according to their precision, providing a theoretical bridge between OLS and modern linear mixed models.	Network meta-analysis (NMA) is a systematic method for comparing multiple interventions simultaneously within a single analytical framework, incorporating both direct evidence (head-to-head trials) and indirect evidence (comparisons via common comparators). First formalized by Lumley in 2002, NMA allows researchers to rank treatments and quantify comparative effectiveness even when some treatment pairs have never been directly studied.