השוואת שיטות

	הפצת תוחלת (EP)	קירוב לפלס
תחום	בייסיאני	בייסיאני
משפחה	Bayesian methods	Bayesian methods
שנת המקור	2001	1986
הוגה השיטה	Thomas P. Minka	Pierre-Simon Laplace (1774); Bayesian formalisation: Tierney & Kadane (1986)
סוג	Approximate inference algorithm	Analytical posterior approximation
מקור מכונן	Minka, T. P. (2001). Expectation propagation for approximate Bayesian inference. In Proceedings of the Seventeenth Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI-01), pp. 362–369. Morgan Kaufmann.	Tierney, L. & Kadane, J. B. (1986). Accurate approximations for posterior moments and marginal densities. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 81(393), 82–86.
כינויים	EP, expectation propagation, EP algorithm, assumed-density filtering generalisation	Laplace's method, saddle-point approximation (Bayesian), second-order Gaussian approximation, LA
קשורות	3	3
תקציר	Expectation Propagation (EP) is a deterministic message-passing algorithm for approximate posterior inference in Bayesian models, introduced by Thomas P. Minka at UAI 2001. It iteratively refines a set of local approximate factors — each drawn from the exponential family — so that their product closely matches the true intractable posterior, achieving higher accuracy than mean-field variational inference on many probabilistic machine learning tasks.	The Laplace approximation is a classical analytic technique that replaces an intractable posterior distribution with a multivariate Gaussian centred at the posterior mode, using the curvature of the log-posterior at that mode to set the covariance. Formalised for Bayesian statistics by Tierney and Kadane (1986) in their landmark Journal of the American Statistical Association paper, it provides a fast, deterministic alternative to Markov chain Monte Carlo and forms the mathematical core of Integrated Nested Laplace Approximations (INLA).