השוואת שיטות

	תכנון מצטבר	בעיית ניתוב מלאי
תחום	ניהול תפעול	ניהול תפעול
משפחה	Machine learning	Machine learning
שנת המקור	1992	2014
הוגה השיטה	Wallace, T. F.	Coelho, L. C., Cordeau, J. F., & Laporte, G.
סוג	Demand-supply planning framework	Optimization problem
מקור מכונן	Wallace, T. F. (1992). Sales & Operations Planning: The how-to handbook. Cincinnati: APICS Publications.	Coelho, L. C., Cordeau, J. F., & Laporte, G. (2014). Thirty years of inventory routing. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, 55, 28-67.
כינויים	sales and operations planning, production planning	IRP, vendor-managed logistics
קשורות	5	5
תקציר	Aggregate Planning (or Sales & Operations Planning, S&OP) is a collaborative, iterative process that balances demand and supply at a high level—typically grouping products into families and planning over a 3–18 month horizon. Developed formally by Tom Wallace and popularized through APICS, aggregate planning helps organizations align sales forecasts, production capacity, inventory, and workforce to meet demand efficiently while managing costs. It serves as the bridge between strategic business plans and detailed operational execution.	The Inventory Routing Problem (IRP) is an optimization problem that jointly determines inventory levels at customer locations, delivery routes, and shipment quantities to minimize total logistics and inventory holding costs. Rather than treating inventory management and vehicle routing as separate decisions, IRP recognizes that they are interdependent: larger shipments reduce routing costs but increase inventory holding costs, and vice versa. IRP is solved using mixed-integer programming, heuristics, and metaheuristics, and is a cornerstone of vendor-managed inventory (VMI) programs.