Comparer des méthodes

	Étude de cas unique	Recherche-action	Ethnographie
Domaine	Qualitatif	Recherche qualitative	Qualitatif
Famille	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Année d'origine	1984 (Yin's seminal protocol); 1995 (Stake's art-of-case-study framework)	1946	c. 1922 (Malinowski's Argonauts of the Western Pacific)
Auteur d'origine	Robert K. Yin; Robert E. Stake	Kurt Lewin; expanded by Kemmis, McTaggart, Reason & Bradbury	Bronisław Malinowski (modern ethnography); rooted in 19th-century anthropology
Type	Qualitative research method	Method	Qualitative fieldwork tradition
Source fondatrice	Yin, R. K. (2018). Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods (6th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1506336169	Lewin, K. (1946). Action research and minority problems. Journal of Social Issues, 2(4), 34–46.	Hammersley, M. & Atkinson, P. (2019). Ethnography: Principles in Practice (4th ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-1138504462
Alias	single-site case study, holistic single-case design, intrinsic case study, bounded case inquiry	Participatory Action Research, PAR, Collaborative Inquiry	Etnografi, participant observation, fieldwork, ethnographic research
Apparentées	6	1	5
Résumé	A single-case study is a qualitative research design that investigates one bounded instance — an organization, program, event, individual, or community — in its real-world context through multiple converging sources of evidence. Developed into a rigorous social-science method chiefly by Robert Yin and Robert Stake, it is especially powerful when the case is unique, extreme, critical, or revelatory, and when the research question begins with 'how' or 'why' rather than 'how many.'	Action research is a collaborative research methodology in which researchers work with practitioners and community members to investigate a problem, implement change, and evaluate outcomes, cycling through reflection, action, and learning. Developed by Kurt Lewin (1946), action research bridges research and practice, aiming simultaneously to produce knowledge and practical improvement.	Ethnography is a qualitative research tradition in which a researcher immerses themselves in a social group or community over an extended period — typically three to six months or longer — to study its culture, values, and behaviours in their natural setting. Originating in social and cultural anthropology, and consolidated as a rigorous method by Bronisław Malinowski in the early twentieth century, ethnography produces rich, contextualised accounts of how people live, work, and make meaning together.