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	Questionnaire de Robustesse Mentale (MTQ48)	Inventaire d'Anxiété Compétitive-2 (CSAI-2)
Domaine	Psychologie du sport	Psychologie du sport
Famille	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Année d'origine	2002	1990
Auteur d'origine	Peter Clough, Keith Earle, David Sewell	Rainer Martens, Robin Vealey, Damon Burton
Type	Self-report mental toughness and resilience questionnaire	Self-report state anxiety questionnaire
Source fondatrice	Clough, P. J., Earle, K., & Sewell, D. (2002). Mental toughness: A definition and measured construct. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 14(3), 169–187.	Martens, R., Vealey, R. S., Burton, D., Bump, L. A., & Smith, D. E. (1990). Development and validation of the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2. In R. Martens, R. S. Vealey, & D. Burton (Eds.), Competitive Anxiety in Sport (pp. 193–218). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Alias	MTQ48, Mental Toughness, 4Cs	CSAI-2, Competitive State Anxiety
Apparentées	4	4
Résumé	The MTQ48 is a 48-item instrument measuring mental toughness—the capacity to perform well under pressure, persist through adversity, maintain emotional control, and sustain commitment toward goals. Developed by Clough, Earle, and Sewell in 2002, the MTQ48 operationalizes mental toughness across four dimensions (the '4Cs': Control, Commitment, Challenge, and Confidence) and has become widely adopted in sport psychology, talent development, and organizational psychology for identifying and developing psychological resilience.	The CSAI-2 is a 27-item instrument measuring three dimensions of state anxiety in sport: cognitive anxiety (worry), somatic anxiety (physiological arousal), and self-confidence. Developed by Martens and colleagues in 1990, it has become the gold standard for assessing pre-competition psychological state and is widely used in sport psychology research, coaching, and athlete support.