Comparer des méthodes

	Modèles de localisation-affectation	Modèles d'interaction spatiale (gravitationnelle)
Domaine	Analyse spatiale	Analyse spatiale
Famille	Process / pipeline	Regression model
Année d'origine	1963	1971
Auteur d'origine	Leon Cooper; S. L. Hakimi	Alan Wilson (entropy-maximizing family)
Type	Spatial facility-location optimization	Model of flows between spatial origins and destinations
Source fondatrice	Cooper, L. (1963). Location-allocation problems. Operations Research, 11(3), 331–343.	Wilson, A. G. (1971). A family of spatial interaction models, and associated developments. Environment and Planning A, 3(1), 1–32.
Alias	facility location, p-median problem, maximal covering location problem, yer-tahsis modelleri	gravity model, spatial interaction model, competing destinations model, mekânsal etkileşim modeli
Apparentées	4	4
Résumé	Location-allocation models decide where to place a set of facilities and simultaneously assign demand points to them so as to optimize an objective such as total travel cost, worst-case distance, or population covered. Rooted in the operations-research work of Cooper (1963) and Hakimi (1964) and central to network GIS, they answer questions like where to site warehouses, hospitals, fire stations, or schools to best serve a spatially distributed population.	Spatial interaction models predict the volume of flows — migrants, commuters, shoppers, trade, trips — between origins and destinations as a function of the size of each place and the distance or cost separating them. By analogy to Newton's gravity, interaction rises with the 'mass' of origin and destination and falls with separation, and Wilson's 1971 entropy-maximizing family put these models on a rigorous footing for transport, migration, and retail analysis.