Comparer des méthodes

	Modèles de localisation-affectation	L'analyse multicritère (AMC) basée sur SIG (AMC-SIG)	Analyse de chemin de moindre coût / Analyse coût-distance
Domaine	Analyse spatiale	Analyse spatiale	Analyse spatiale
Famille	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Année d'origine	1963	2006	1994
Auteur d'origine	Leon Cooper; S. L. Hakimi	Jacek Malczewski (GIS-MCDA synthesis)	Edsger Dijkstra (shortest path); GIS cost-surface adaptation
Type	Spatial facility-location optimization	Spatial multi-criteria suitability/decision analysis	Raster cost-surface routing
Source fondatrice	Cooper, L. (1963). Location-allocation problems. Operations Research, 11(3), 331–343.	Malczewski, J. (2006). GIS-based multicriteria decision analysis: a survey of the literature. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 20(7), 703–726.	Dijkstra, E. W. (1959). A note on two problems in connexion with graphs. Numerische Mathematik, 1(1), 269–271.
Alias	facility location, p-median problem, maximal covering location problem, yer-tahsis modelleri	GIS-MCDM, spatial multi-criteria analysis, GIS-AHP, weighted overlay suitability	cost-distance analysis, accumulated cost surface, least-cost corridor, en düşük maliyetli yol
Apparentées	4	4	3
Résumé	Location-allocation models decide where to place a set of facilities and simultaneously assign demand points to them so as to optimize an objective such as total travel cost, worst-case distance, or population covered. Rooted in the operations-research work of Cooper (1963) and Hakimi (1964) and central to network GIS, they answer questions like where to site warehouses, hospitals, fire stations, or schools to best serve a spatially distributed population.	GIS-MCDA combines the map layers of a geographic information system with multi-criteria decision analysis to produce suitability or priority maps — ranking locations by how well they satisfy several weighted criteria at once. It is the standard framework for spatial decisions such as siting hospitals, solar farms, landfills, or evacuation areas, integrating methods like AHP, TOPSIS, and weighted overlay with spatial data.	Least-cost path analysis finds the route between two locations that minimizes accumulated travel cost across a landscape, rather than minimizing straight-line distance. By encoding terrain, slope, land cover, and other frictions into a cost surface and accumulating cost outward from a source, it identifies optimal corridors for roads, pipelines, trails, power lines, and wildlife movement — a core raster-GIS technique built on Dijkstra's shortest-path logic.