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| Human Development Index× | Inequality-adjusted HDI× | |
|---|---|---|
| Domaine | Development Studies | Development Studies |
| Famille | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Année d'origine≠ | 1990 | 2010 |
| Auteur d'origine≠ | Mahbub ul Haq & Amartya Sen; UNDP Human Development Report Office | Sabina Alkire & James Foster; UNDP Human Development Report Office |
| Type≠ | Composite human development index | Distribution-sensitive composite development index |
| Source fondatrice≠ | UNDP (2022). Human Development Report 2021-22, Technical Notes. United Nations Development Programme, Human Development Report Office, New York. link ↗ | Alkire, S., & Foster, J. (2010). Designing the Inequality-Adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI). OPHI Working Paper 37 / Human Development Research Paper 2010/28. UNDP Human Development Report Office, New York. link ↗ |
| Alias | HDI, UNDP Human Development Index, Human Development Indicator, Composite Human Development Measure | IHDI, Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index, Atkinson-adjusted HDI, Distribution-sensitive HDI |
| Apparentées | 4 | 4 |
| Résumé≠ | The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite summary measure of average achievement in three basic dimensions of human development: a long and healthy life, knowledge, and a decent standard of living. Conceived by Mahbub ul Haq with Amartya Sen and first published in the UNDP Human Development Report of 1990, it was designed as a deliberate alternative to GNI per capita, asserting that people and their capabilities — not economic growth alone — are the ultimate criterion for assessing the development of a country. Each dimension is reduced to a normalized index between zero and one, and the three are combined by a geometric mean. | The Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) extends the Human Development Index by accounting for how achievements in health, education, and income are distributed across a population, not just their averages. Designed by Sabina Alkire and James Foster for the UNDP and introduced in the 2010 Human Development Report, it discounts each HDI dimension by the inequality observed within it, using an Atkinson-class inequality measure. When there is no inequality the IHDI equals the HDI; as inequality rises the IHDI falls below it, and the percentage gap — the 'loss' — measures how much human development is eroded by being unequally shared. |
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