Comparer des méthodes

	L'analyse multicritère (AMC) basée sur SIG (AMC-SIG)	Analyse de chemin de moindre coût / Analyse coût-distance	Technique pour le classement par similarité à la solution idéale
Domaine	Analyse spatiale	Analyse spatiale	Prise de décision
Famille	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	MCDM
Année d'origine	2006	1994	1981
Auteur d'origine	Jacek Malczewski (GIS-MCDA synthesis)	Edsger Dijkstra (shortest path); GIS cost-surface adaptation	Hwang, C. L., Yoon, K.
Type	Spatial multi-criteria suitability/decision analysis	Raster cost-surface routing	Distance-based (compromise)
Source fondatrice	Malczewski, J. (2006). GIS-based multicriteria decision analysis: a survey of the literature. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 20(7), 703–726.	Dijkstra, E. W. (1959). A note on two problems in connexion with graphs. Numerische Mathematik, 1(1), 269–271.	Hwang, C. L., Yoon, K. (1981). Multiple Attribute Decision Making: Methods and Applications — A State-of-the-Art Survey. Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems, Vol. 186, Springer-Verlag
Alias	GIS-MCDM, spatial multi-criteria analysis, GIS-AHP, weighted overlay suitability	cost-distance analysis, accumulated cost surface, least-cost corridor, en düşük maliyetli yol	—
Apparentées	4	3	8
Résumé	GIS-MCDA combines the map layers of a geographic information system with multi-criteria decision analysis to produce suitability or priority maps — ranking locations by how well they satisfy several weighted criteria at once. It is the standard framework for spatial decisions such as siting hospitals, solar farms, landfills, or evacuation areas, integrating methods like AHP, TOPSIS, and weighted overlay with spatial data.	Least-cost path analysis finds the route between two locations that minimizes accumulated travel cost across a landscape, rather than minimizing straight-line distance. By encoding terrain, slope, land cover, and other frictions into a cost surface and accumulating cost outward from a source, it identifies optimal corridors for roads, pipelines, trails, power lines, and wildlife movement — a core raster-GIS technique built on Dijkstra's shortest-path logic.	TOPSIS (Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Hwang, C. L., Yoon, K. in 1981. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.