Comparer des méthodes

	Accès multiple avec écoute de porteuse et évitement de collision (CSMA/CA)	Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO)
Domaine	Télécommunications	Télécommunications
Famille	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Année d'origine	1990	1995
Auteur d'origine	Phil Karn	Telatar, Foschini, and Gans
Type	random access protocol	spatial multiplexing technique
Source fondatrice	Karn, P. (1990). MACA—a new channel access method for packet radio. In Proceedings of the ARRL/CRRL Amateur Radio 9th Computer Networking Conference, 134-140.	Telatar, I. (1999). Capacity of multi-antenna Gaussian channels. European Transactions on Telecommunications, 10(6), 585-595.
Alias	medium access control, WiFi MAC	spatial multiplexing, antenna diversity
Apparentées	3	5
Résumé	CSMA/CA is a random access protocol for wireless medium access control, designed to enable multiple devices to share a wireless channel while minimizing collisions. Introduced by Phil Karn in 1990, it is the foundation of WiFi (IEEE 802.11) and is now the de facto standard for unlicensed spectrum access. CSMA/CA combines carrier sensing (listen before transmit) with collision avoidance (RTS/CTS handshake) to improve channel efficiency and fairness, avoiding the efficiency loss of pure random access (Aloha).	MIMO is a technique that uses multiple transmit and receive antennas to significantly increase channel capacity and reliability. Pioneered theoretically by Telatar (1999) and Foschini & Gans (1998), MIMO exploits multipath propagation—typically a liability in wireless—as an asset by creating independent spatial channels. It is now fundamental to all modern wireless systems including LTE, WiFi-6, and 5G, where it provides both capacity gains through spatial multiplexing and robustness through diversity.