Comparer des méthodes

	Ensemble de Bagging	Gradient Boosting	XGBoost
Domaine	Apprentissage ensembliste	Apprentissage automatique	Apprentissage automatique
Famille	Machine learning	Machine learning	Machine learning
Année d'origine	1996	2001	2016
Auteur d'origine	Leo Breiman	Friedman, J. H.	Chen, T. & Guestrin, C.
Type	parallel ensemble	Ensemble (sequential boosting of decision trees)	Ensemble (gradient-boosted decision trees)
Source fondatrice	Breiman, L. (1996). Bagging predictors. Machine Learning, 24(2), 123-140.	Friedman, J. H. (2001). Greedy Function Approximation: A Gradient Boosting Machine. Annals of Statistics, 29(5), 1189–1232.	Chen, T. & Guestrin, C. (2016). XGBoost: A Scalable Tree Boosting System. Proceedings of the 22nd ACM SIGKDD, 785–794.
Alias	bootstrap aggregating	Gradient Boosting (GBM), GBM, gradient boosted trees, gradient boosting machine	XGBoost, extreme gradient boosting, scalable tree boosting
Apparentées	4	5	5
Résumé	Bagging, short for bootstrap aggregating, is an ensemble method that reduces variance by training multiple copies of a single learning algorithm on different random subsets of the training data. Each subset is created via bootstrap sampling—randomly drawing samples with replacement. Predictions are combined through majority voting (classification) or averaging (regression). Introduced by Leo Breiman in 1996, bagging forms the foundation for random forests and is particularly effective for reducing overfitting in high-variance models.	Gradient Boosting is an ensemble learning method, formalised by Jerome H. Friedman in 2001, that combines a sequence of weak learners — typically shallow decision trees — so that each new tree is fitted to minimise the residual errors of the trees before it. It is the core algorithm behind popular implementations such as XGBoost, LightGBM and CatBoost.	XGBoost (Extreme Gradient Boosting) is a scalable tree-boosting algorithm introduced by Tianqi Chen and Carlos Guestrin in 2016. It builds a strong predictor by adding decision trees one at a time, each correcting the errors left by the trees before it, and is a powerful prediction method widely used in competitions.