Vertaile menetelmiä

	Rajoittamaton MIDAS-regressio	GARCH-MIDAS	Paikalliset projektiot
Tieteenala	Ekonometria	Ekonometria	Ekonometria
Menetelmäperhe	Regression model	Regression model	Regression model
Syntyvuosi	2007	2012	2005
Kehittäjä	Eric Ghysels	Engle and Ghysels	Oscar Jorda
Tyyppi	Time-series regression	Time-varying variance model	Multi-horizon regression
Alkuperäislähde	Foroni, C., Ghysels, E., & Marcellino, M. (2015). Mixed-frequency vector autoregressive models. International Journal of Forecasting, 31(4), 1051-1070.	Engle, R. F., & Ghysels, E. (2012). GARCH for long memory. Journal of Econometrics, 164(2), 385-391.	Jorda, O. (2005). Estimation and inference of impulse responses by local projections. American Economic Review, 95(1), 161-182.
Rinnakkaisnimet	Unrestricted Mixed Data Sampling	Mixed-frequency volatility model	LP-IR, Multi-horizon regression
Liittyvät	3	3	3
Tiivistelmä	U-MIDAS (Unrestricted MIDAS) is a regression framework designed to handle mixed-frequency data—when explanatory variables arrive at different sampling frequencies (e.g., monthly GDP mixed with daily stock returns). Introduced by Ghysels and colleagues (2007), it eliminates the restrictive lag-structure polynomial constraints of the original MIDAS approach, allowing fuller use of high-frequency information. This flexibility makes it ideal for nowcasting and real-time economic forecasting.	GARCH-MIDAS decomposes volatility into short-term (GARCH) and long-term (MIDAS) components, allowing low-frequency macroeconomic variables to drive medium-term volatility while high-frequency returns govern daily fluctuations. Introduced by Engle and Ghysels (2012), this framework elegantly separates volatility time scales. The approach is powerful for understanding how macro conditions (growth, inflation) drive risk premia and for improved volatility forecasting.	Local Projections (LP) is a semi-parametric method for estimating impulse responses directly via multi-horizon regressions, bypassing VAR-model specification. Introduced by Jorda (2005), it projects outcomes h periods ahead onto current shocks and lags, producing impulse-response functions without assuming a particular lag structure or VAR order. This flexibility has made it the dominant approach in applied macroeconomics for measuring policy effects and shock transmission.