Vertaile menetelmiä

	Vertaisvertaileva etnografia	Tapaustutkimus	Digitaalinen etnografia
Tieteenala	Laadulliset menetelmät	Laadulliset menetelmät	Laadulliset menetelmät
Menetelmäperhe	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Syntyvuosi	1987–1995 (systematic comparative ethnography formalized)	1984 (seminal codification)	Late 1990s – 2000s
Kehittäjä	George E. Marcus (multi-sited formulation); Charles C. Ragin (comparative logic)	Robert K. Yin (systematised in Case Study Research, 1984)	Christine Hine (virtual ethnography); Robert V. Kozinets (netnography)
Tyyppi	Qualitative comparative research design	Qualitative research design	Qualitative research method
Alkuperäislähde	Marcus, G. E. (1995). Ethnography in/of the world system: The emergence of multi-sited ethnography. Annual Review of Anthropology, 24, 95–117.	Yin, R.K. (2018). Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods (6th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1506336169	Kozinets, R. V. (2010). Netnography: Doing Ethnographic Research Online. Sage. ISBN: 978-1847875228
Rinnakkaisnimet	multi-sited ethnography, cross-site ethnography, comparative field research, comparative participant observation	Vaka Çalışması (Case Study), case study design, case study methodology	online ethnography, virtual ethnography, internet ethnography, netnography
Liittyvät	6	5	6
Tiivistelmä	Comparative ethnography is a qualitative research design that conducts in-depth ethnographic fieldwork across two or more sites, groups, communities, or cultural settings in order to generate systematic comparisons. Rather than describing a single community in isolation, it traces similarities, differences, and interconnections across cases, producing theoretically grounded insights that no single site could yield alone.	Case study research is a qualitative research design that investigates a specific phenomenon, individual, group, organisation, or event in depth within its real-world context. Systematised by Robert K. Yin in 1984, it supports single-case and multiple-case designs and draws on multiple data sources — interviews, observation, documents, and artefacts — to build a rich, contextualised account of a bounded unit.	Digital ethnography is a qualitative research method that adapts traditional ethnographic fieldwork to online and digitally mediated settings. Drawing on sustained participant observation, document collection, and sometimes interviews, the researcher immerses themselves in one or more digital communities — social media platforms, forums, gaming spaces, or messaging groups — to understand how culture, identity, and social practice are constructed through digital interaction. The approach recognises that online spaces are not merely reflections of offline life but distinctive sites of cultural production in their own right.