Vertaile menetelmiä

	Bayesian epigenome-wide association study in educational research	Mendelian Randomisaatio
Tieteenala	Bioinformatiikka	Kausaalipäättely
Menetelmäperhe	Process / pipeline	Regression model
Syntyvuosi	EWAS framework ~2010–2011; Bayesian EWAS variants ~2013–2017; educational applications ~2015–present	1997
Kehittäjä	Rakyan, Down, Balding, and Beck (conceptual EWAS framework); Bayesian extensions by multiple groups including Teschendorff and colleagues	George Davey Smith
Tyyppi	Genomic association study with Bayesian inference	Genetic instrumental variable framework
Alkuperäislähde	Rakyan, V. K., Down, T. A., Balding, D. J., & Beck, S. (2011). Epigenome-wide association studies for common human diseases. Nature Reviews Genetics, 12(8), 529–541.	Davey Smith, G., & Hemani, G. (2014). Mendelian randomization: genetic anchors for causal inference in epidemiological studies. Human Molecular Genetics, 23(R1), R89-R98.
Rinnakkaisnimet	Bayesian EWAS, Bayesian epigenome-wide scan, Bayesian methylation-wide association study, B-EWAS	MR
Liittyvät	3	2
Tiivistelmä	A Bayesian epigenome-wide association study (Bayesian EWAS) scans hundreds of thousands of DNA methylation sites across the genome to identify those statistically associated with an educational outcome — such as cognitive ability, attainment, or socioeconomic exposure during schooling. Unlike classical frequentist EWAS, the Bayesian framework incorporates prior biological knowledge to compute posterior probabilities of association, improving power and reducing false discoveries when applied to complex educational phenotypes.	Mendelian randomization is a method for estimating causal effects of exposures on outcomes using genetic variants as instrumental variables. Introduced by George Davey Smith in the 1990s, it exploits Mendel's law of segregation to remove confounding bias. It has become a cornerstone technique in epidemiological causal inference.