مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	آزمون ریشه واحد ژیووت-اندروز با یک شکست ساختاری	آزمون ریشه واحد دیکی-فولر بسط‌یافته (ADF)	آزمون ریشه واحد لومزدین-پاپل با دو شکست ساختاری
حوزه	اقتصادسنجی	اقتصادسنجی	اقتصادسنجی
خانواده	Hypothesis test	Regression model	Hypothesis test
سال پیدایش	1992	1979	1997
پدیدآور	Eric Zivot & Donald Andrews	David A. Dickey & Wayne A. Fuller	Robin Lumsdaine & David Papell
نوع	Sequential unit-root test with endogenous break-point selection	Unit-root test for stationarity	Sequential two-break unit-root test
منبع بنیادین	Zivot, E., & Andrews, D. W. K. (1992). Further evidence on the great crash, the oil-price shock, and the unit-root hypothesis. Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, 10(3), 251–270.	Dickey, D. A., & Fuller, W. A. (1979). Distribution of the estimators for autoregressive time series with a unit root. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 74(366a), 427–431.	Lumsdaine, R. L., & Papell, D. H. (1997). Multiple trend breaks and the unit-root hypothesis. Review of Economics and Statistics, 79(2), 212–218.
نام‌های دیگر	ZA Test, Zivot-Andrews Break Test, Endogenous Break Unit-Root Test, Zivot-Andrews Birim Kök Testi	ADF test, Dickey-Fuller test, unit root test, Genişletilmiş Dickey-Fuller testi	LP Test, Two-Break Unit-Root Test, Double Structural Break Unit-Root Test, Lumsdaine-Papell İki Kırılmalı Birim Kök Testi
مرتبط	3	4	3
خلاصه	The Zivot-Andrews (ZA) test, introduced by Eric Zivot and Donald Andrews in 1992, is a sequential unit-root test that allows for a single structural break at an unknown date. It extends the augmented Dickey-Fuller framework by endogenously selecting the break point that provides the strongest evidence against the unit-root null hypothesis, making it particularly useful for macroeconomic and financial time series that may have been disrupted by events such as policy changes, financial crises, or supply shocks.	The Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test is the most widely used test for a unit root — that is, for whether a time series is non-stationary and must be differenced before modelling. Introduced by David Dickey and Wayne Fuller in 1979 and extended by Said and Dickey in 1984 to series with higher-order autocorrelation, it regresses the change in the series on its lagged level plus lagged differences and asks whether the lagged-level coefficient is zero.	The Lumsdaine-Papell test, introduced by Robin Lumsdaine and David Papell in 1997, extends the Zivot-Andrews single-break unit-root test to allow for two simultaneous structural breaks in the intercept and/or linear trend of a time series. It is widely used in macroeconomics and finance when data are suspected to have experienced two major regime shifts — such as policy changes, financial crises, or wars — and the researcher needs to determine whether the series is nonetheless integrated of order one.