مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	آزمون ریشه واحد ژیووت-اندروز با یک شکست ساختاری	آزمون ریشه واحد دیکی-فولر بسط‌یافته (ADF)	آزمون ریشه واحد مبتنی بر ضریب تصاعد (LM) لی-استرازیسیک با دو وقفه ساختاری
حوزه	اقتصادسنجی	اقتصادسنجی	اقتصادسنجی
خانواده	Hypothesis test	Regression model	Hypothesis test
سال پیدایش	1992	1979	2003
پدیدآور	Eric Zivot & Donald Andrews	David A. Dickey & Wayne A. Fuller	Junsoo Lee & Mark Strazicich
نوع	Sequential unit-root test with endogenous break-point selection	Unit-root test for stationarity	Lagrange Multiplier unit-root test with two endogenous structural breaks
منبع بنیادین	Zivot, E., & Andrews, D. W. K. (1992). Further evidence on the great crash, the oil-price shock, and the unit-root hypothesis. Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, 10(3), 251–270.	Dickey, D. A., & Fuller, W. A. (1979). Distribution of the estimators for autoregressive time series with a unit root. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 74(366a), 427–431.	Lee, J., & Strazicich, M. C. (2003). Minimum Lagrange multiplier unit root test with two structural breaks. Review of Economics and Statistics, 85(4), 1082–1089.
نام‌های دیگر	ZA Test, Zivot-Andrews Break Test, Endogenous Break Unit-Root Test, Zivot-Andrews Birim Kök Testi	ADF test, Dickey-Fuller test, unit root test, Genişletilmiş Dickey-Fuller testi	LS Unit Root Test, Minimum LM Unit Root Test, Lee-Strazicich Two-Break Test, Lee-Strazicich LM Testi
مرتبط	3	4	3
خلاصه	The Zivot-Andrews (ZA) test, introduced by Eric Zivot and Donald Andrews in 1992, is a sequential unit-root test that allows for a single structural break at an unknown date. It extends the augmented Dickey-Fuller framework by endogenously selecting the break point that provides the strongest evidence against the unit-root null hypothesis, making it particularly useful for macroeconomic and financial time series that may have been disrupted by events such as policy changes, financial crises, or supply shocks.	The Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test is the most widely used test for a unit root — that is, for whether a time series is non-stationary and must be differenced before modelling. Introduced by David Dickey and Wayne Fuller in 1979 and extended by Said and Dickey in 1984 to series with higher-order autocorrelation, it regresses the change in the series on its lagged level plus lagged differences and asks whether the lagged-level coefficient is zero.	The Lee-Strazicich (2003) test is a Lagrange Multiplier-based unit-root test that allows for two endogenous structural breaks under both the null and alternative hypotheses. Proposed by Junsoo Lee and Mark C. Strazicich, it corrects a fundamental flaw in earlier break-based tests such as Zivot-Andrews, where structural breaks were permitted only under the alternative. By incorporating breaks under the null, the LS test avoids spurious rejections and provides size-correct inference in the presence of level or trend shifts.