مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	Workaholism Scale	مقیاس درگیری شغلی اوترخت
حوزه	رفتار سازمانی	روان‌شناسی اجتماعی
خانواده	Latent structure	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1992	2002
پدیدآور	Janet Spence & Ann Robbins; Wilmar Schaufeli, Akihito Shimazu & Toon Taris	Wilmar Schaufeli, Arnold Bakker, and Marisa Salanova
نوع	Work-addiction measurement scale	Occupational well-being and engagement scale
منبع بنیادین	Spence, J. T., & Robbins, A. S. (1992). Workaholism: Definition, measurement, and preliminary results. Journal of Personality Assessment, 58(1), 160-178.	Schaufeli, W. B., Salanova, M., González-Romá, V., & Bakker, A. B. (2002). The measurement of engagement and burnout: A two sample confirmatory factor analytic approach. Journal of Happiness Studies, 3(1), 71–92.
نام‌های دیگر	WorkBAT, DUWAS, Dutch Work Addiction Scale, Workaholism Battery	UWES, Work Engagement Scale, Schaufeli Work Engagement
مرتبط	3	3
خلاصه	Workaholism scales measure the addiction-like compulsion to work — the tendency to work excessively hard combined with an inner, hard-to-resist drive to keep working. Janet Spence and Ann Robbins introduced the first systematic measure, the Workaholism Battery (WorkBAT), in 1992, defining workaholism through the components of work involvement, drive, and (low) work enjoyment, and distinguishing genuine workaholics from enthusiastic work enthusiasts. Schaufeli, Shimazu, and Taris later developed and validated the Dutch Work Addiction Scale (DUWAS), a parsimonious two-factor measure of working excessively and working compulsively, tested across the Netherlands and Japan. A central purpose of these instruments is to separate workaholism — a compulsive, strain-producing pattern — from work engagement, the positive, energizing involvement with work. The scales link the workaholic pattern to burnout, impaired health, and work-life conflict.	The Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES) is a 17-item instrument measuring work engagement—a positive, fulfilling psychological state characterized by vigor, dedication, and absorption in work. Developed by Wilmar Schaufeli and colleagues in 2002, the UWES operationalizes engagement as the positive antipode to burnout, reflecting energetic involvement, strong commitment, and deep focus in occupational tasks. The scale has become the standard measure for assessing work engagement in organizational research and occupational health.