مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	هیدرودینامیک ذرات هموار شده	روش مجموعه سطح
حوزه	دینامیک سیالات	دینامیک سیالات
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1977	1988
پدیدآور	Monaghan John & Lucy Leon	Stanley Osher
نوع	Meshfree particle method	Implicit interface tracking method
منبع بنیادین	Lucy, L. B. (1977). A numerical approach to the testing of the fission hypothesis. The Astronomical Journal, 82(12), 1013-1024.	Osher, S., & Sethian, J. A. (1988). Fronts propagating with curvature-dependent speed: algorithms based on Hamilton-Jacobi formulations. Journal of Computational Physics, 79(1), 12-49.
نام‌های دیگر	SPH, particle hydrodynamics	Level-set, LSM, signed distance method
مرتبط	5	5
خلاصه	Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) is a meshfree particle method for simulating fluid dynamics, developed independently by Lucy in 1977 and Gingold and Monaghan in 1977. Rather than discretizing on a fixed grid, SPH represents fluids as collections of particles that carry mass, momentum, and energy. Each particle interacts with neighbors within a kernel support radius, enabling natural handling of free surfaces, large deformations, and multiphase flows without remeshing. SPH has become indispensable for simulations involving violent flows, impacts, and complex interfaces.	The Level Set Method is an implicit interface tracking technique introduced by Osher and Sethian in 1988 for moving boundary problems and multiphase flows. Rather than explicitly tracking the interface, level sets represent it as the zero level set (contour) of a signed distance function φ. This approach elegantly handles topological changes, naturally computes interface curvature and normals, and integrates well with Eulerian solvers. Level sets have become essential for image processing, shape optimization, and interface-dominated fluid dynamics problems.