مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	تشخیص تفاوت بین تشابه و سرقت علمی	سرقت ادبی موزاییکی
حوزه	اخلاق پژوهش	اخلاق پژوهش
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	2000s	1990s
پدیدآور	Academic integrity frameworks and plagiarism detection software companies	Academic integrity framework (modern definition)
نوع	Concept	Concept
منبع بنیادین	Hirsch, L. R. (2013). Recognizing plagiarism: A guide for academic professionals. Teaching Professor Blog.	Roig, M. (2015). Avoiding plagiarism, self-plagiarism, and other questionable writing practices: A guide to ethical writing. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of Research Integrity.
نام‌های دیگر	similarity index, turnitin score, similarity percentage	patch-writing, patchwork plagiarism, incremental plagiarism
مرتبط	4	4
خلاصه	A critical distinction exists between similarity percentages generated by plagiarism detection software (Turnitin, iThenticate) and an actual plagiarism verdict. A similarity index is a red flag requiring review; it is not a plagiarism determination. High similarity can result from legitimate quotations, references, shared technical language, or common knowledge. Conversely, low similarity does not guarantee absence of plagiarism. Human expert judgment is essential—similarity detection software provides data, not judgment.	Mosaic plagiarism, also called patch-writing, occurs when an author mixes copied phrases and sentences from a source with original text, rearranges material from multiple sources, or interweaves paraphrased and verbatim passages without proper citation or quotation marks. It is difficult to detect because the copied portions are interspersed with original writing, creating a surface appearance of original work.