مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	Role Conflict and Ambiguity Scale	مقیاس فرسودگی و عدم تعهد (Exhaustion and Disengagement Scale)
حوزه	رفتار سازمانی	بهداشت حرفه‌ای
خانواده	Latent structure	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1970	2003
پدیدآور	John Rizzo, Robert House & Sidney Lirtzman; Robert Kahn et al.	Arie Shirom, Shulamit Melamed
نوع	Role-stress measurement scale	Self-report questionnaire
منبع بنیادین	Rizzo, J. R., House, R. J., & Lirtzman, S. I. (1970). Role conflict and ambiguity in complex organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly, 15(2), 150-163.	Shirom, A., Melamed, S., Toker, S., Berliner, S., & Shapira, I. (2005). Burnout, vigor, and physical health among healthcare workers. Psychology and Health, 20(6), 769-785.
نام‌های دیگر	Rizzo-House-Lirtzman Scale, RCA Scale, Role Stress Scale, Role Conflict Role Ambiguity Measure	EDIS, Energy Assessment Module (EAM)
مرتبط	3	5
خلاصه	The Role Conflict and Ambiguity Scale measures two of the most studied sources of stress at work: receiving incompatible demands (role conflict) and not knowing clearly what is expected of you (role ambiguity). The theoretical foundation comes from Kahn, Wolfe, Quinn, Snoek, and Rosenthal's 1964 landmark study Organizational Stress, which framed the workplace as a system of role senders whose expectations shape the focal person's experience. Rizzo, House, and Lirtzman turned this theory into a practical instrument in their 1970 Administrative Science Quarterly paper, developing self-report scales for role conflict and role ambiguity that became the field's standard measure. The two constructs are kept distinct: conflict is about contradictory expectations, ambiguity about missing or unclear ones. The scales link role stress to tension, dissatisfaction, and impaired performance, and remain central to occupational-stress and role-theory research.	The Exhaustion and Disengagement Scale (EDIS), based on work by Shirom and colleagues, is a brief burnout assessment tool measuring two core dimensions of occupational burnout: emotional, physical, and cognitive exhaustion, and psychological disengagement from work. Developed in the early 2000s, the EDIS emphasizes the depletion and withdrawal that characterize burnout, with particular attention to physiologic and cognitive fatigue rather than interpersonal dimensions. It is widely used in occupational health research, particularly in European and Israeli occupational health contexts.