مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	مدل خودرگرسیون غیرخطی توزیع‌شده با تأخیر قوی (Robust NARDL)	آزمون حدود ARDL (آزمون حدود پزاران)
حوزه	اقتصادسنجی	اقتصادسنجی
خانواده	Regression model	Regression model
سال پیدایش	2014–2020s	2001
پدیدآور	Extension of Shin, Yu & Greenwood-Nimmo (2014) NARDL framework with robust (outlier-resistant) estimation	Pesaran, Shin & Smith
نوع	Nonlinear time-series regression with robust estimation	Cointegration test / Autoregressive distributed lag model
منبع بنیادین	Shin, Y., Yu, B., & Greenwood-Nimmo, M. (2014). Modelling asymmetric cointegration and dynamic multipliers in a nonlinear ARDL framework. In W. C. Horrace & R. C. Sickles (Eds.), Festschrift in Honor of Peter Schmidt (pp. 281–314). Springer.	Pesaran, M. H., Shin, Y., & Smith, R. J. (2001). Bounds Testing Approaches to the Analysis of Level Relationships. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16(3), 289–326.
نام‌های دیگر	Robust Nonlinear ARDL, Outlier-Robust NARDL, Robust Asymmetric ARDL, R-NARDL	Pesaran bounds test, bounds testing approach, ARDL cointegration test, ARDL Sınır Testi (Pesaran Bounds Test)
مرتبط	3	4
خلاصه	Robust NARDL marries the asymmetric cointegration framework of Shin, Yu, and Greenwood-Nimmo (2014) with outlier-resistant estimation. It decomposes a regressor into positive and negative partial sums, tests for asymmetric long-run relationships via a bounds test, and replaces the OLS criterion with an M- or MM-estimator to guard against leverage points and additive outliers common in macroeconomic and financial time series.	The ARDL bounds test is an autoregressive distributed lag method that tests for a cointegrating (long-run level) relationship between time series, introduced by Pesaran, Shin and Smith in 2001. Unlike the Johansen procedure, it remains valid whether the variables are I(0), I(1) or a mix of the two, and it is more reliable than Johansen in small samples of roughly 30 to 80 observations.