مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	تدوین پرسش پژوهش	توسعه فرضیه
حوزه	روش‌شناسی پژوهش	روش‌شناسی پژوهش
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1950	1925
پدیدآور	Kerlinger, Campbell, & Fisher (1950s–1990s research methodology literature)	Ronald Fisher (1920s) and Neyman-Pearson (1930s)
نوع	Framework	Framework
منبع بنیادین	Kerlinger, F. N., & Lee, H. B. (1999). Foundations of Behavioral Research (4th ed.). Wadsworth.	Fisher, R. A. (1925). Statistical Methods for Research Workers. Oliver & Boyd.
نام‌های دیگر	RQF, research question design	H0 and H1, null and alternative hypothesis
مرتبط	2	1
خلاصه	Research question formulation is the process of defining clear, focused, and answerable questions that guide a research study. A well-formulated research question specifies what a researcher seeks to investigate, distinguishing between independent and dependent variables (or phenomena), and sets the scope for literature review, methodological design, and data collection. Established in behavioral research literature in the mid-20th century, this framework remains foundational because it transforms vague research interests into testable, empirically grounded inquiries.	A hypothesis is a testable prediction or proposed explanation for a phenomenon, expressed as a relationship between variables. Hypothesis development is the process of formulating null hypotheses (H₀, asserting no effect or relationship) and alternative hypotheses (H₁, asserting an effect or relationship) before data collection. This framework emerged from frequentist statistical theory developed by Ronald Fisher in the 1920s and refined by Neyman and Pearson in the 1930s. Hypotheses are essential in quantitative research because they translate research questions into statements that can be tested using statistical inference.