مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	دفترچه یادداشت پژوهش	قوم‌نگاری	تحلیل روایی
حوزه	روش‌شناسی پیمایش	کیفی	کیفی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1981 (methodological codification); diary use in research dates to 19th-century anthropology	c. 1922 (Malinowski's Argonauts of the Western Pacific)	1967 (foundational); 2008 (canonical handbook)
پدیدآور	Robert G. Burgess (systematic methodological treatment)	Bronisław Malinowski (modern ethnography); rooted in 19th-century anthropology	Catherine Kohler Riessman (seminal synthesis, 2008); roots in Labov & Waletzky (1967)
نوع	Qualitative data collection and reflexivity tool	Qualitative fieldwork tradition	Qualitative interpretive method
منبع بنیادین	Burgess, R. G. (1981). Keeping a research diary. Cambridge Journal of Education, 11(1), 75–83.	Hammersley, M. & Atkinson, P. (2019). Ethnography: Principles in Practice (4th ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-1138504462	Riessman, C.K. (2008). Narrative Methods for the Human Sciences. Sage.
نام‌های دیگر	researcher diary, field diary, research journal, reflexive diary	Etnografi, participant observation, fieldwork, ethnographic research	narrative inquiry, life history analysis, biographical research, Anlatı Analizi (Narrative Analysis)
مرتبط	6	5	6
خلاصه	A research diary is a systematic, dated log maintained by the researcher throughout a study to record methodological decisions, emergent observations, analytical hunches, and reflections on researcher positionality. Unlike a participant diary, it is authored by the researcher and functions simultaneously as a data source, an audit trail, and a reflexivity instrument.	Ethnography is a qualitative research tradition in which a researcher immerses themselves in a social group or community over an extended period — typically three to six months or longer — to study its culture, values, and behaviours in their natural setting. Originating in social and cultural anthropology, and consolidated as a rigorous method by Bronisław Malinowski in the early twentieth century, ethnography produces rich, contextualised accounts of how people live, work, and make meaning together.	Narrative analysis is a qualitative research method, synthesised canonically by Catherine Kohler Riessman (2008), that examines how individuals storise their lived experiences and construct meaning through the telling. Drawing on life history, biographical, and narrative inquiry traditions, it treats the story itself — not just its content — as the unit of analysis, attending to temporal sequence, plot structure, and the social context in which a narrative is produced.