مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	دفترچه یادداشت پژوهش	روش خاطره‌نویسی	قوم‌نگاری
حوزه	روش‌شناسی پیمایش	روش‌شناسی پیمایش	کیفی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1981 (methodological codification); diary use in research dates to 19th-century anthropology	1920s–1940s (systematised by Allport, 1942)	c. 1922 (Malinowski's Argonauts of the Western Pacific)
پدیدآور	Robert G. Burgess (systematic methodological treatment)	Gordon Allport (systematic social-science use); Nels Anderson (early fieldwork diaries)	Bronisław Malinowski (modern ethnography); rooted in 19th-century anthropology
نوع	Qualitative data collection and reflexivity tool	Qualitative / mixed-methods data-collection technique	Qualitative fieldwork tradition
منبع بنیادین	Burgess, R. G. (1981). Keeping a research diary. Cambridge Journal of Education, 11(1), 75–83.	Alaszewski, A. (2006). Using Diaries for Social Research. Sage. ISBN: 978-0761941415	Hammersley, M. & Atkinson, P. (2019). Ethnography: Principles in Practice (4th ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-1138504462
نام‌های دیگر	researcher diary, field diary, research journal, reflexive diary	diary study, diary technique, self-report diary, daily diary method	Etnografi, participant observation, fieldwork, ethnographic research
مرتبط	6	5	5
خلاصه	A research diary is a systematic, dated log maintained by the researcher throughout a study to record methodological decisions, emergent observations, analytical hunches, and reflections on researcher positionality. Unlike a participant diary, it is authored by the researcher and functions simultaneously as a data source, an audit trail, and a reflexivity instrument.	The diary method is a data-collection technique in which participants record their thoughts, behaviours, events, or experiences in their own words at regular or event-contingent intervals over a defined study period. By capturing data close in time to the event, diaries reduce retrospective recall bias and give researchers access to the texture of everyday life as it unfolds — something one-off surveys and retrospective interviews cannot provide.	Ethnography is a qualitative research tradition in which a researcher immerses themselves in a social group or community over an extended period — typically three to six months or longer — to study its culture, values, and behaviours in their natural setting. Originating in social and cultural anthropology, and consolidated as a rigorous method by Bronisław Malinowski in the early twentieth century, ethnography produces rich, contextualised accounts of how people live, work, and make meaning together.