مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	معیارهای اعتبارپذیری در پژوهش کیفی	بازاندیشی در پژوهش کیفی
حوزه	پژوهش کیفی	پژوهش کیفی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1985	1990
پدیدآور	Yvonna Lincoln and Egon Guba	Anthony Giddens and Pierre Bourdieu
نوع	Framework	Concept
منبع بنیادین	Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic Inquiry. SAGE Publications. ISBN: 978-0803924314	Finlay, L. (2002). Outing the researcher: The provenance, process, and practice of reflexivity. Qualitative Health Research, 12(4), 531-545.
نام‌های دیگر	trustworthiness criteria, credibility, dependability, confirmability	reflexive practice, researcher reflexivity, positionality, reflective practice
مرتبط	4	4
خلاصه	Trustworthiness is a framework for evaluating the quality and rigor of qualitative research, developed by Lincoln and Guba (1985) as an alternative to quantitative criteria (internal validity, external validity, reliability, objectivity). The framework comprises five criteria: credibility (findings are accurate and grounded in data), transferability (findings apply to other contexts), dependability (findings are consistent and defensible), confirmability (findings reflect the data and participants' perspectives, not researcher bias), and authenticity (research reflects diverse viewpoints and promotes understanding). This framework has become standard for assessing qualitative research across disciplines and guides researchers in designing and reporting rigorous qualitative studies.	Reflexivity is the practice of examining how the researcher's identity, assumptions, relationships, and values influence the research process and findings. Rather than treating objectivity as achievable detachment, reflexivity acknowledges that the researcher is embedded within the research and cannot be fully separated from it. Originating in sociology and anthropology, reflexivity has become central to qualitative research rigor across disciplines. Reflexive researchers critically examine their own influence at each stage: research design, participant recruitment, data collection, interpretation, and presentation. This transparency strengthens rigor by making visible the lens through which data are collected and interpreted.