مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	وزن‌دهی امتیاز تمایل در پژوهش‌های آموزشی	تطابق امتیاز تمایل (Propensity Score Matching)
حوزه	استنتاج علّی	آمار پژوهش
خانواده	Regression model	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1983 (theory); widely adopted in education research from 2000s	1983
پدیدآور	Rosenbaum & Rubin (foundational theory, 1983); Thoemmes & Kim (education-focused review, 2011)	Paul Rosenbaum and Donald Rubin
نوع	Quasi-experimental causal inference	Method
منبع بنیادین	Rosenbaum, P. R., & Rubin, D. B. (1983). The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects. Biometrika, 70(1), 41-55.	Rosenbaum, P. R., & Rubin, D. B. (1983). The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects. Biometrika, 70(1), 41–55.
نام‌های دیگر	PSW in education, inverse probability weighting in education, IPW education, propensity weighting education	PSM, propensity score weighting, covariate balance
مرتبط	5	3
خلاصه	Propensity score weighting (PSW) is a quasi-experimental technique that reweights observational samples so that treated and comparison students look similar on measured background characteristics, allowing credible causal estimates of educational interventions — such as program participation, instructional method, or school type — without random assignment.	Propensity score matching (PSM) is a method for reducing confounding bias in observational studies by balancing baseline characteristics between treatment groups, simulating randomization. Developed by Rosenbaum and Rubin (1983), it estimates the probability of receiving treatment given observed covariates, then matches or weights treated and control individuals with similar treatment probabilities. Widely used in medicine, epidemiology, and policy evaluation when randomized trials are infeasible or unethical, enabling estimation of treatment effects while controlling for selection bias.