مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	ارزیابی سیاست‌گذاری با متغیرهای ابزاری	اثر میانگین محلی اثرات درمان (LATE / CACE)
حوزه	استنتاج علّی	استنتاج علّی
خانواده	Regression model	Regression model
سال پیدایش	1996 (modern policy-evaluation framing); IV roots 1920s	1994
پدیدآور	Angrist, Imbens & Rubin (canonical 1996 JASA framework); foundational IV roots in Wright (1928) and Theil (1953)	Imbens & Angrist (1994); Angrist, Imbens & Rubin (1996)
نوع	Quasi-experimental causal inference / IV regression	Instrumental-variable causal estimand
منبع بنیادین	Angrist, J. D., Imbens, G. W., & Rubin, D. B. (1996). Identification of Causal Effects Using Instrumental Variables. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 91(434), 444-455.	Imbens, G. W., & Angrist, J. D. (1994). Identification and Estimation of Local Average Treatment Effects. Econometrica, 62(2), 467-475.
نام‌های دیگر	IV policy evaluation, 2SLS policy analysis, natural-experiment IV, policy IV estimation	LATE, CACE, complier average causal effect, Yerel Ortalama Tedavi Etkisi (LATE / CACE)
مرتبط	5	5
خلاصه	Instrumental Variables (IV) estimation for policy evaluation is a quasi-experimental technique that uses an exogenous instrument — a variable that shifts exposure to a policy but is otherwise unrelated to the outcome — to recover the causal effect of a program or intervention from non-experimental data. Popularised in policy research by Angrist, Imbens, and Rubin (1996), it identifies the Local Average Treatment Effect (LATE) among units whose treatment status is changed by the instrument.	The Local Average Treatment Effect is an instrumental-variable estimand, introduced by Imbens and Angrist (1994) and formalised with Rubin (1996), that recovers the average treatment effect for the subpopulation of compliers — units whose treatment status is actually moved by the instrument. It is closely tied to compliance analysis.