مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	آزمون دقت پیش‌بینی جهت‌دار Pesaran-Timmermann	آزمون علامت (Sign Test)
حوزه	اقتصادسنجی	آمار
خانواده	Hypothesis test	Hypothesis test
سال پیدایش	1992	1946
پدیدآور	M. Hashem Pesaran & Allan Timmermann	W. J. Dixon & A. M. Mood
نوع	Nonparametric one-sided test	Nonparametric median test
منبع بنیادین	Pesaran, M. H., & Timmermann, A. (1992). A simple nonparametric test of predictive performance. Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, 10(4), 461–465.	Dixon, W. J. & Mood, A. M. (1946). The statistical sign test. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 41(236), 557–566.
نام‌های دیگر	PT Test, Directional Accuracy Test, Nonparametric Predictive Performance Test, Pesaran-Timmermann Yön Testi	İşaret Testi (Sign Test), one-sample sign test, paired sign test
مرتبط	3	4
خلاصه	Introduced by Pesaran and Timmermann (1992), the PT test is a nonparametric procedure that evaluates whether a forecasting model correctly predicts the direction (sign) of a target variable more often than would be expected by chance. It is widely used in financial econometrics and macroeconomic forecasting to assess the practical utility of a model beyond simple error metrics, particularly when the economic cost of getting the direction wrong is high.	The sign test is the simplest nonparametric hypothesis test for deciding whether the median of paired differences — or of a single sample — differs significantly from a hypothesised value. Formalised by W. J. Dixon and A. M. Mood in 1946, it imposes virtually no distributional assumptions and can be applied to any data where individual differences can be classified as positive or negative.