مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	Participatory Technology Assessment	Responsible Research and Innovation Assessment
حوزه	Science Technology Studies	Science Technology Studies
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1995	2013
پدیدآور	Danish Board of Technology tradition; Simon Joss, John Durant, Leonhard Hennen	Jack Stilgoe, Richard Owen, Phil Macnaghten
نوع	Deliberative public-participation process	Normative governance and reflexive-assessment process
منبع بنیادین	Joss, S., & Durant, J. (Eds.). (1995). Public Participation in Science: The Role of Consensus Conferences in Europe. Science Museum. ISBN: 9780901805874	Stilgoe, J., Owen, R., & Macnaghten, P. (2013). Developing a framework for responsible innovation. Research Policy, 42(9), 1568-1580.
نام‌های دیگر	pTA, Public technology assessment, Citizen technology assessment	RRI assessment, Responsible innovation framework, AIRR assessment
مرتبط	4	4
خلاصه	Participatory technology assessment (pTA) involves lay citizens and stakeholders—not only experts—in assessing the social, ethical, and political dimensions of technologies. Through structured deliberative formats such as consensus conferences, citizens' juries, and scenario workshops, ordinary people are informed, allowed to question experts, and helped to form and articulate a considered collective view, which is then fed into public and policy debate. pTA democratises technology assessment, treating the public not as a problem to be managed but as a legitimate voice in technological choices.	Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) assessment is an approach to governing science and innovation that asks not only whether a technology works but whether it is desirable, and seeks to align research and innovation with the values, needs, and expectations of society. The influential Stilgoe-Owen-Macnaghten framework operationalises this through four dimensions—anticipation, reflexivity, inclusion, and responsiveness (AIRR)—that are built into the innovation process so that direction and purpose, not just risk and product, become objects of deliberate care.