مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	آزمون ریشه واحد ساختاری پانل ژیووت-اندروز	آزمون ریشه واحد پنل فیلیپس-پرون
حوزه	اقتصادسنجی	اقتصادسنجی
خانواده	Regression model	Regression model
سال پیدایش	1992 (panel extension: 2000s)	1988 (original PP); panel adaptation widely established by 2003
پدیدآور	Zivot & Andrews (1992); extended to panel settings by subsequent literature	Phillips & Perron (1988); panel extension by Im, Pesaran & Shin (2003)
نوع	Unit root test with endogenous structural break	Nonparametric unit root test
منبع بنیادین	Zivot, E., & Andrews, D. W. K. (1992). Further evidence on the great crash, the oil-price shock, and the unit-root hypothesis. Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, 10(3), 251–270.	Im, K. S., Pesaran, M. H., & Shin, Y. (2003). Testing for unit roots in heterogeneous panels. Journal of Econometrics, 115(1), 53-74.
نام‌های دیگر	panel ZA test, panel structural break unit root test, Zivot-Andrews panel unit root test, panel endogenous break unit root test	Panel PP test, Phillips-Perron panel unit root, Im-Pesaran-Shin PP panel test, panel nonparametric unit root test
مرتبط	6	6
خلاصه	The Panel Zivot-Andrews test extends the single-series Zivot-Andrews (1992) structural break unit root test to panel data, allowing each cross-sectional unit to have its own endogenously determined break date. It tests the null of a unit root against the alternative of stationarity with a one-time structural break, accounting for regime shifts that bias standard panel unit root tests toward false non-rejection.	The Panel PP unit root test extends the nonparametric Phillips-Perron correction for serial correlation to a multi-individual panel setting. It tests the null hypothesis that all cross-sectional units contain a unit root, using a pooled or averaged PP-type statistic that is robust to heteroscedastic and serially correlated errors without requiring explicit lag selection.