مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	آزمون ایستایی پنل KPSS (آزمون ایستایی پنل هادری)	آزمون ریشه واحد ساختاری پانل ژیووت-اندروز
حوزه	اقتصادسنجی	اقتصادسنجی
خانواده	Regression model	Regression model
سال پیدایش	2000	1992 (panel extension: 2000s)
پدیدآور	Hadri (2000), extending Kwiatkowski, Phillips, Schmidt, and Shin (1992)	Zivot & Andrews (1992); extended to panel settings by subsequent literature
نوع	Panel stationarity test	Unit root test with endogenous structural break
منبع بنیادین	Hadri, K. (2000). Testing for stationarity in heterogeneous panel data. Econometrics Journal, 3(2), 148-161.	Zivot, E., & Andrews, D. W. K. (1992). Further evidence on the great crash, the oil-price shock, and the unit-root hypothesis. Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, 10(3), 251–270.
نام‌های دیگر	KPSS panel stationarity test, panel stationarity test, Hadri LM test, panel KPSS	panel ZA test, panel structural break unit root test, Zivot-Andrews panel unit root test, panel endogenous break unit root test
مرتبط	6	6
خلاصه	The Panel KPSS test, introduced by Hadri (2000), tests the null hypothesis that all series in a panel are stationary against the alternative that some or all contain a unit root. It extends the univariate KPSS framework to panel data by aggregating individual LM statistics, providing higher power than unit-root tests when most series are in fact stationary.	The Panel Zivot-Andrews test extends the single-series Zivot-Andrews (1992) structural break unit root test to panel data, allowing each cross-sectional unit to have its own endogenously determined break date. It tests the null of a unit root against the alternative of stationarity with a one-time structural break, accounting for regime shifts that bias standard panel unit root tests toward false non-rejection.