مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	تخمین‌گر تطبیق داده‌های پانل	تطابق امتیاز تمایل (Propensity Score Matching)
حوزه	استنتاج علّی	آمار پژوهش
خانواده	Regression model	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1997-2021	1983
پدیدآور	Heckman, Ichimura & Todd (1997); Imai, Kim & Wang (2021) for panel extension	Paul Rosenbaum and Donald Rubin
نوع	Quasi-experimental causal estimator	Method
منبع بنیادین	Heckman, J. J., Ichimura, H., & Todd, P. E. (1997). Matching as an econometric evaluation estimator: Evidence from evaluating a job training programme. Review of Economic Studies, 64(4), 605-654.	Rosenbaum, P. R., & Rubin, D. B. (1983). The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects. Biometrika, 70(1), 41–55.
نام‌های دیگر	panel matching, matching-on-panel-data, longitudinal matching estimator, PDME	PSM, propensity score weighting, covariate balance
مرتبط	6	3
خلاصه	The panel data matching estimator identifies causal treatment effects by pairing each treated unit with one or more control units that share similar covariate histories in the pre-treatment periods. By exploiting the longitudinal structure of panel data, it controls for both observed time-varying confounders and stable unit characteristics, estimating the average treatment effect on the treated (ATT) without requiring a parallel-trends assumption.	Propensity score matching (PSM) is a method for reducing confounding bias in observational studies by balancing baseline characteristics between treatment groups, simulating randomization. Developed by Rosenbaum and Rubin (1983), it estimates the probability of receiving treatment given observed covariates, then matches or weights treated and control individuals with similar treatment probabilities. Widely used in medicine, epidemiology, and policy evaluation when randomized trials are infeasible or unethical, enabling estimation of treatment effects while controlling for selection bias.