مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	مقاله پژوهشی اصیل	ساختار IMRaD: مقدمه، روش‌ها، نتایج و بحث
حوزه	نگارش دانشگاهی	نگارش دانشگاهی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1665	1970
پدیدآور	Scientific research community	International scientific publishing community (adopted widely by 1970s)
نوع	Document Type	Guideline
منبع بنیادین	International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (2023). Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals. ICMJE.	International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (2023). Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals.
نام‌های دیگر	research paper, empirical article, primary research, journal article	IMRaD, IMRAD, scientific manuscript structure
مرتبط	5	5
خلاصه	An original research article is the primary vehicle for reporting new empirical findings in a discipline. Following the IMRaD structure (Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion), it represents a researcher's novel data, analysis, and interpretation. The journal article format has been the gold standard for scientific communication since the establishment of the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society in 1665.	IMRaD is the standard organizational framework for scientific manuscripts in biomedical and natural sciences research. It separates reporting into four sequential sections—Introduction (why the research was conducted), Methods (how it was done), Results (what was found), and Discussion (what the findings mean)—enabling readers to understand, evaluate, and reproduce the work. Adopted as best practice by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) since the 1970s, IMRaD structure is now mandated or strongly recommended by most peer-reviewed journals.