مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	مدل‌های انتشار دسترسی آزاد	فرایند داوری همتا
حوزه	اخلاق انتشار	اخلاق انتشار
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	2002	1665
پدیدآور	Budapest Open Access Initiative (2002); open science movement	Scientific publishing community; formalized by journals and COPE
نوع	Standard	Process
منبع بنیادین	Budapest Open Access Initiative (2002, revised 2012). Budapest Open Access Initiative.	Committee on Publication Ethics (2023). COPE Guidelines: Ethical Guidelines for Peer Reviewers. COPE.
نام‌های دیگر	OA Publishing, Gold Open Access, Green Open Access, Diamond OA	Peer Reviewing, Manuscript Evaluation, Scholarly Review
مرتبط	4	4
خلاصه	Open access (OA) publishing removes subscription paywalls, making research freely available to all readers online without subscription fees. The Budapest Open Access Initiative (2002) defined OA as the right to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, and link research freely. Multiple OA models exist: Gold OA (immediate free access, often author-funded via APCs), Green OA (free self-archiving in repositories), and Diamond OA (free to both authors and readers). OA expands research impact, enables global participation in science, and aligns with public funding mandates. However, OA models vary in sustainability and are sometimes exploited by predatory publishers.	Peer review is the process by which manuscripts are evaluated by experts in the same field before publication in academic journals. Reviewers assess the manuscript's scientific merit, methodology, clarity, and contribution to the field. Established in 1665 with the first scientific journal (Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society), peer review remains the gold standard for quality control in academic publishing. Despite ongoing criticism and proposals for alternatives, peer review continues to filter low-quality and unethical work, though it is imperfect and sometimes slow.