مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	تطابق دقیق دوره‌ای تقطیر شده چند-دوره‌ای	تطابق دقیق تقریب‌زده (CEM)
حوزه	استنتاج علّی	استنتاج علّی
خانواده	Regression model	Regression model
سال پیدایش	2012–2021	2011-2012
پدیدآور	Iacus, King & Porro (CEM, 2012); extended to multi-period panel settings	Iacus, King, & Porro
نوع	Non-parametric matching / causal inference	Matching / causal inference
منبع بنیادین	Iacus, S. M., King, G., & Porro, G. (2012). Causal inference without balance checking: Coarsened exact matching. Political Analysis, 20(1), 1-24.	Iacus, S. M., King, G., & Porro, G. (2012). Causal Inference without Balance Checking: Coarsened Exact Matching. Political Analysis, 20(1), 1-24.
نام‌های دیگر	Multi-period CEM, Longitudinal CEM, Panel CEM, Multi-wave CEM	CEM, coarsened matching, monotonic imbalance bounding matching
مرتبط	6	6
خلاصه	Multi-period Coarsened Exact Matching (multi-period CEM) extends the CEM framework of Iacus, King, and Porro to longitudinal data with multiple pre- and post-treatment periods. It bins continuous covariates into coarsened categories, matches treated and control units that fall into the same cells across all relevant time periods, and then estimates a weighted average treatment effect that accounts for temporal structure.	Coarsened Exact Matching is a preprocessing method that achieves covariate balance by temporarily coarsening continuous variables into bins, exactly matching treated and control units within those bins, and then discarding all unmatched units. Introduced by Iacus, King, and Porro (2011, 2012), it bounds imbalance on each covariate independently, yielding a matched sample on which any estimator can be applied without relying on a propensity score model.