مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	سرقت ادبی موزاییکی	سرقت ادبی با بازنویسی (Paraphrasing Plagiarism)	تشخیص تفاوت بین تشابه و سرقت علمی
حوزه	اخلاق پژوهش	اخلاق پژوهش	اخلاق پژوهش
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1990s	1980s	2000s
پدیدآور	Academic integrity framework (modern definition)	Academic integrity framework (modern definition)	Academic integrity frameworks and plagiarism detection software companies
نوع	Concept	Concept	Concept
منبع بنیادین	Roig, M. (2015). Avoiding plagiarism, self-plagiarism, and other questionable writing practices: A guide to ethical writing. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of Research Integrity.	Roig, M. (2015). Avoiding plagiarism, self-plagiarism, and other questionable writing practices: A guide to ethical writing. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of Research Integrity.	Hirsch, L. R. (2013). Recognizing plagiarism: A guide for academic professionals. Teaching Professor Blog.
نام‌های دیگر	patch-writing, patchwork plagiarism, incremental plagiarism	insufficient paraphrase, close paraphrase, lazy paraphrasing	similarity index, turnitin score, similarity percentage
مرتبط	4	4	4
خلاصه	Mosaic plagiarism, also called patch-writing, occurs when an author mixes copied phrases and sentences from a source with original text, rearranges material from multiple sources, or interweaves paraphrased and verbatim passages without proper citation or quotation marks. It is difficult to detect because the copied portions are interspersed with original writing, creating a surface appearance of original work.	Paraphrasing plagiarism occurs when an author rewrites another's ideas in different words but does not cite the source. Unlike verbatim plagiarism (copying word-for-word), paraphrasing plagiarism involves changing vocabulary and sentence structure while retaining the original argument, logic, or conceptual content without attribution. It is harder to detect than direct copying but is still a clear violation of academic integrity.	A critical distinction exists between similarity percentages generated by plagiarism detection software (Turnitin, iThenticate) and an actual plagiarism verdict. A similarity index is a red flag requiring review; it is not a plagiarism determination. High similarity can result from legitimate quotations, references, shared technical language, or common knowledge. Conversely, low similarity does not guarantee absence of plagiarism. Human expert judgment is essential—similarity detection software provides data, not judgment.