مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	مطالعه فاز چهارم منطبق	وزن‌دهی احتمال معکوسِ دریافتِ درمان (IPW / IPTW)
حوزه	اپیدمیولوژی	استنتاج علّی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Regression model
سال پیدایش	1980s–1990s (formalized in post-marketing regulatory frameworks)	2000
پدیدآور	Regulatory tradition (FDA, EMA); matching methodology from Rosenbaum & Rubin (1983)	Robins, Hernán & Brumback
نوع	Observational study design	Causal inference weighting estimator
منبع بنیادین	Strom, B. L., & Kimmel, S. E. (Eds.). (2005). Textbook of Pharmacoepidemiology. Wiley. ISBN: 978-0470029244	Robins, J. M., Hernán, M. A., & Brumback, B. (2000). Marginal Structural Models and Causal Inference in Epidemiology. Epidemiology, 11(5), 550-560.
نام‌های دیگر	matched post-marketing surveillance study, Phase IV matched cohort study, matched pharmacoepidemiological study, post-authorization matched safety study	IPW, IPTW, inverse probability of treatment weighting, marginal structural model weighting
مرتبط	5	5
خلاصه	A Matched Phase IV study is a post-marketing observational design in which patients who received an approved drug (or intervention) are matched to comparable non-exposed patients — or patients on an alternative therapy — to evaluate real-world safety, effectiveness, or long-term outcomes. Conducted after regulatory approval, it combines the epidemiological rigour of matching with the breadth of post-authorization pharmacovigilance, generating evidence that randomized trials are rarely powered or timed to provide.	Inverse Probability Weighting is a causal-inference method that assigns each observation a weight equal to the inverse of its probability of receiving the treatment it actually received. Introduced by Robins, Hernán and Brumback (2000) for marginal structural models, it builds a pseudo-population in which treatment is independent of measured confounders, balancing selection bias.