مقایسهٔ روشها
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| تمایز عملکرد افتراقی طولی آیتم (Longitudinal DIF)× | نظریه پاسخ به سنجش (IRT) طولی× | |
|---|---|---|
| حوزه | روانسنجی | روانسنجی |
| خانواده | Latent structure | Latent structure |
| سال پیدایش≠ | 1980s–2000s | 1991 |
| پدیدآور≠ | Multiple contributors; foundational DIF methods by Lord (1980) extended to longitudinal designs | Susan E. Embretson |
| نوع≠ | Item-level bias detection across time | Latent trait / longitudinal psychometric model |
| منبع بنیادین≠ | Millsap, R. E., & Kwok, O. M. (2004). Evaluating the impact of partial factorial measurement invariance on selection in two groups. Psychological Methods, 9(1), 93–115. DOI ↗ | Embretson, S. E. (1991). A multidimensional latent trait model for measuring learning and change. Psychometrika, 56(3), 495–515. DOI ↗ |
| نامهای دیگر | longitudinal DIF, DIF across time, temporal DIF, longitudinal item bias | LIRT, longitudinal IRT, repeated-measures IRT, dynamic item response modeling |
| مرتبط≠ | 6 | 4 |
| خلاصه≠ | Longitudinal differential item functioning detects whether individual test or scale items behave differently across measurement occasions for the same respondents. It extends standard DIF methodology to repeated-measures designs, ensuring that observed change scores genuinely reflect construct change rather than shifts in item characteristics over time. | Longitudinal IRT extends classical item response theory to data collected at multiple time points, allowing researchers to model both the initial latent trait level and its change over time. It is used in educational assessment, clinical trials, and panel studies where the same items or item banks are administered repeatedly to the same individuals. |
| ScholarGateمجموعهداده ↗ |
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