مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	پیش‌بینی‌های محلی	Panel VARX
حوزه	اقتصادسنجی	اقتصادسنجی
خانواده	Regression model	Regression model
سال پیدایش	2005	2013
پدیدآور	Oscar Jorda	Canova and Ciccarelli
نوع	Multi-horizon regression	Multi-equation panel model
منبع بنیادین	Jorda, O. (2005). Estimation and inference of impulse responses by local projections. American Economic Review, 95(1), 161-182.	Canova, F., & Ciccarelli, M. (2013). Panel vector autoregressive models: A survey. Advances in Econometrics, 32, 205-246.
نام‌های دیگر	LP-IR, Multi-horizon regression	Panel VAR-X
مرتبط	3	3
خلاصه	Local Projections (LP) is a semi-parametric method for estimating impulse responses directly via multi-horizon regressions, bypassing VAR-model specification. Introduced by Jorda (2005), it projects outcomes h periods ahead onto current shocks and lags, producing impulse-response functions without assuming a particular lag structure or VAR order. This flexibility has made it the dominant approach in applied macroeconomics for measuring policy effects and shock transmission.	Panel VARX extends vector autoregression to heterogeneous panels with exogenous variables, enabling simultaneous modeling of multiple endogenous variables alongside observed external factors across many units. Introduced by Holtz-Eakin et al. (1988) and advanced by Canova and Ciccarelli (2013), it captures dynamic relationships within units while allowing parameters to vary across units. This framework is essential for macroeconomic panels and understanding cross-unit heterogeneity in responses to common shocks.