مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	خوشه‌بندی K-means	دی‌بی‌اسکن	خوشه‌بندی سلسله‌مراتبی	تحلیل مؤلفه‌های اصلی
حوزه	یادگیری ماشین	یادگیری ماشین	یادگیری ماشین	یادگیری ماشین
خانواده	Machine learning	Machine learning	Machine learning	Machine learning
سال پیدایش	1967 (formalized 1982)	1996	1963	2002
پدیدآور	MacQueen, J. B.; Lloyd, S. P.	Ester, M., Kriegel, H.-P., Sander, J. & Xu, X.	Ward, J. H.	Jolliffe, I.T. (textbook); Pearson & Hotelling (origins)
نوع	Partitional clustering	Density-based clustering algorithm	Unsupervised clustering (agglomerative)	Unsupervised dimensionality reduction
منبع بنیادین	Lloyd, S. P. (1982). Least squares quantization in PCM. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 28(2), 129–137.	Ester, M., Kriegel, H.-P., Sander, J. & Xu, X. (1996). A Density-Based Algorithm for Discovering Clusters in Large Spatial Databases with Noise. Proceedings of the 2nd KDD, 226–231.	Ward, J. H. (1963). Hierarchical Grouping to Optimize an Objective Function. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 58(301), 236–244.	Jolliffe, I.T. (2002). Principal Component Analysis (2nd ed.). Springer.
نام‌های دیگر	k-means clustering, Lloyd's algorithm, k-means partitioning, hard k-means	DBSCAN Kümeleme, density-based clustering, density-based spatial clustering	Hiyerarşik Kümeleme, hiyerarşik kümeleme, agglomerative clustering, hierarchical agglomerative clustering	Temel Bileşenler Analizi (PCA), PCA, principal components analysis, Karhunen-Loève transform
مرتبط	4	3	4	3
خلاصه	K-means is a classic unsupervised partitional clustering algorithm that divides a dataset into K non-overlapping groups by iteratively assigning each observation to its nearest centroid and updating centroids as the mean of their assigned points. It is one of the most widely used exploratory tools in machine learning and data analysis.	DBSCAN is a density-based clustering algorithm, introduced by Ester, Kriegel, Sander and Xu in 1996, that groups together points lying in dense regions and flags points in sparse regions as noise. It is effective on noisy data and on clusters of irregular, non-spherical shapes.	Hierarchical clustering is an unsupervised method that groups observations into nested clusters and draws the result as a dendrogram, so the number of clusters need not be fixed in advance. Its agglomerative form rests on the objective-function grouping criterion introduced by Joe Ward in 1963.	Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is an unsupervised dimensionality-reduction method — given its modern textbook treatment by Ian Jolliffe (2002) — that compresses high-dimensional data into fewer dimensions while preserving the maximum possible variance. It re-expresses correlated variables as a small set of uncorrelated principal components ordered by how much of the data's variation each one captures.