مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	Historical Social Mobility Tables	HISCLASS Social Class Coding
حوزه	Social History	Social History
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1992	2011
پدیدآور	Robert Erikson and John H. Goldthorpe; log-linear methods from Leo Goodman	Marco H. D. van Leeuwen and Ineke Maas
نوع	descriptive-tabular	measurement-classification
منبع بنیادین	Erikson, R., & Goldthorpe, J. H. (1992). The Constant Flux: A Study of Class Mobility in Industrial Societies. Clarendon Press. ISBN: 9780198273837	van Leeuwen, M. H. D., & Maas, I. (2011). HISCLASS: A Historical International Social Class Scheme. Leuven University Press. ISBN: 9789058678577
نام‌های دیگر	Origin-destination mobility tables, Intergenerational mobility analysis, Log-linear mobility models, Erikson-Goldthorpe mobility tables	HISCLASS coding, Historical social class scheme, Occupation-to-class translation, Skill-based class coding
مرتبط	3	3
خلاصه	Historical social mobility tables measure how much a person's social position depended on the position of their parents in past societies. The core device is the mobility table: a cross-tabulation of origin class (typically the father's) against destination class (the child's), built from linked parent-child pairs drawn from marriage registers, censuses, or genealogies. Following the framework Erikson and Goldthorpe codified for modern sociology and that historians adapted using HISCLASS, the table is analysed not by raw movement, which is dominated by changes in the class structure itself, but by odds ratios and log-linear models that isolate relative mobility, the strength of association between origins and destinations net of structural change. This distinction between absolute and relative mobility lets historians ask whether genuine fluidity, equality of opportunity, rose or fell across industrialization, migration, and demographic transition, independent of how the shape of the class structure shifted.	HISCLASS, the Historical International Social Class Scheme, converts HISCO-coded occupations into a hierarchy of social classes designed for cross-national, long-run historical analysis. Where HISCO answers 'what occupation?', HISCLASS answers 'what social standing?'. Developed by van Leeuwen and Maas, it sorts occupations along four theoretically grounded dimensions: the skill level of the work, whether it is manual or non-manual, whether it involves supervision of others, and whether it lies in the agricultural sector. Combining these yields a twelve-class scheme that can be collapsed into seven or five classes for coarser analysis. Because it is derived deterministically from HISCO codes and status modifiers, HISCLASS gives historians a replicable, internationally comparable measure of class that travels across the same span of languages and centuries as HISCO itself. It has become the standard input for historical studies of inequality, marriage patterns, and intergenerational social mobility.