مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	برآوردگر تطبیق اثر ناهمگون درمان	تطابق دقیق تقریب‌زده (CEM)
حوزه	استنتاج علّی	استنتاج علّی
خانواده	Regression model	Regression model
سال پیدایش	1997-2006	2011-2012
پدیدآور	Heckman, Ichimura & Todd; Abadie & Imbens	Iacus, King, & Porro
نوع	Causal inference / nonparametric matching	Matching / causal inference
منبع بنیادین	Heckman, J. J., Ichimura, H., & Todd, P. E. (1997). Matching as an Econometric Evaluation Estimator: Evidence from Evaluating a Job Training Programme. Review of Economic Studies, 64(4), 605-654.	Iacus, S. M., King, G., & Porro, G. (2012). Causal Inference without Balance Checking: Coarsened Exact Matching. Political Analysis, 20(1), 1-24.
نام‌های دیگر	HTE matching, subgroup matching estimator, conditional matching estimator, CATE matching	CEM, coarsened matching, monotonic imbalance bounding matching
مرتبط	6	6
خلاصه	The Heterogeneous Treatment Effect (HTE) Matching Estimator extends standard matching to recover how treatment impacts differ across subgroups or covariate values. Rather than reporting a single average treatment effect, it pairs treated and control units on observed characteristics and then estimates the conditional average treatment effect (CATE) as a function of those characteristics — revealing who benefits most, least, or not at all.	Coarsened Exact Matching is a preprocessing method that achieves covariate balance by temporarily coarsening continuous variables into bins, exactly matching treated and control units within those bins, and then discarding all unmatched units. Introduced by Iacus, King, and Porro (2011, 2012), it bounds imbalance on each covariate independently, yielding a matched sample on which any estimator can be applied without relying on a propensity score model.